๐งComplete Village Development ahead of polls ๐ฏ
====================================
Swachh Bharat in villages is showcasing Govt's social-economic transformation of rural India. There are many such projects Govt will like to complete and boost about before the polls. A detailed summary of rural initiatives in 2018 budget:
http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2018/feb/p20182101.pdf
MGNREGA for drought-proofing ๐ง
--------------------------
Works created under MNREGS have benefited 14.3m Ha of farmland during 2015 /18. This year, govt pump primed over Rs 22,000cr to complete huge numbers (approx 4.4m) of ponds, large-scale water conservation projects and river rejuvenation projects ahead of the monsoon rains. States were asked to take up projects without waiting for funds to arrive. Thrust was on 2,264 stressed Blocks under Mission Water Conservation.
http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=178967
MGNREGA for composting, rural infra ๐ง
--------------------------
Solid and Liquid Waste Management and vermicomposting are supported on a large scale. 2.33 lakh Vermi or NADEP composting pits were finished in 2017-18. It funds other large-scale constructions, eg 40,000 Anganwadi Centre buildings were build btw 2016-18. 5,000 Gramin Haats are proposed in 2018-19, to help SHGs to sell directly to wholesalers (eg forest produce, handicraft, sanitary towels). Under the "individual beneficiary scheme", MGNREGA helps farmers to build their own ponds, cowsheds, goat sheds, poultry sheds, vermicomposting pits (for organic manure), latrines, etc. Fixed money is given for creating assets, of which 40% is paid for materials. Work surveys, geotagging and IT/DBT ensures authenticity and transparency.
Govt has countered criticism of MGNREGA scheme by effectively completing old projects and creating good-quality, beneficial assets (76% assets were good/very good and only 0.5% were poor). Livelihoods security is improved by an increased emphasis on agriculture and allied trades. MGNREGA can also support communities in times of drought, natural calamities and economic plight (eg demonetisation). Besides actively reaching out to deprived households and verifying Job Cards has yielded very good results.
http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=178249
PM Awas Yojana-Gramin ๐ง
-----------------------------------
At its launch in Nov 2016, the target was to complete 10.2m rural homes by March 2019 and 29.5m by 2022. It recorded only 3.8m completed homes (or 69% target) by 2017-18. This was because priority was given to finishing 6.8m incomplete Indira Awaas homes, and due to delays in uploading data.
Target is very achievable, given 4.7m are in advance stages of being built (at Mar 2018). Most states are doing well (eg UP is nearing completion). Assam and Bihar are lagging because of a large overhang of incomplete IAY houses. Also, Assam has NRC issues, and Bihar has a shortage of sand, caused by govt ban on mining!! NIPFP study found completion time under PMAY-G has gone down to just 114 days, from 314 days under IAY. http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=177838
Ministry of Rural Development says ─ "PMAY-G houses are changing the rural landscape and bringing social transformation in villages across the country". This is due to the quality of thought-process behind it. Eg. in Rajasthan, IIT Delhi created 7 design options for beneficiaries, for each of 4 climatic zones. PMAY-G scheme gives additional benefits like LPG connection, utility connections, solar light system & tanks construction, and community features like concrete roads, drainage, tree plantation, etc.
PM Gram Sadak Yojana ๐ง
-----------------------------------
Rural roads now connect 88% of all eligible habitations. Govt has more than doubled the funding and accelerated the pace of construction. Time to complete rural road projects has gone down each year: https://plus.google.com/photos/photo/100789863972538583352/6431644956157364530
This year, it is being pushed to its highest ever pace at 167 km per day, from 134 km last year. The government wants to build 61,000 km of roads to connect 19,725 habitations in 2018-9!! (Edit: It seems like mission impossible). States are connecting more habitations out of their own resources. Govt will finish connecting LWE block habitations (with 100+ people), as well as complete 50,000km under PMGSY-II by March 2020. After this, it is targetting another 38,412 habitations at Rs 85,000cr. Some states have started work under PMGSY-III, of upgrading 1,100,000km roads for maintenance, high-quality climate-resilient roads (eg submersible), wider roads nr economic hubs & market centres. Green technology for building roads is using up local waste and reducing costs. New materials (eg geotextiles) will improve resilience to water damage.
People rave about the benefits, if done right ─ "Locals had gotten used to bad conditions on this stretch for a long time. It was a nightmarish experience. PMGSY has given it a makeover, finally bringing relief to the passengers and inhabitants. Govt's emphasis on rural connectivity has brought cities closer to villages, and Bijnor is no exception". Or this ─ "In Aligarh district, rural roads of just 590 km have completely changed the lives of 356 villages. It has brought joy and happiness, and fulfilled long-held dreams of travelling to other parts of the country".
Gram Swaraj Abhiyan ๐ง
-----------------------------------
Areas covered under Gram Swaraj Abhiyan incl.
1. LPG gas connections (under PM Ujjwala Yojana)
2. LED bulbs giveaway
3. Free electricity connection (under Saubhagya scheme)
4. Bank accounts (under PM Jan Dhan Yojana)
5. Accident insurance
6. Life Insurance
7. Vaccination (under Mission Indradhanush)
PM Ujjwala Yojana has already reached its target as of 3rd August 2018, 8 months early. In other words, 5 crore most deprived families have received free gas connections. Govt has added another 3 crore families to push the coverage to over 90%. PMUY families also get monetary value of LPG subsidy straight into bank accounts. Saubhagya scheme has connected 1 crore homes since October 2017, and needs another 2.5 crore till March 2019, to achieve 100% household electrification. Target is achievable -- as momentum has picked up. Except perhaps for laggards like UP, Assam & 4 hilly states, other states are doing well enough (eg Odisha & Jharkhand). It is noteworthy to mention states that have improved rapidly (MP, Bihar, Maha, WB, Chhattisgarh, Tripura & Sikkim) or have completed 100% household electrification (TN, Gujarat, AP, Kerala & Punjab).
Gram Swaraj Abhiyan is about comprehensively targeting whole districts and leaving no gaps behind. All available human resources are deployed. Eg in 2 recent missions 70,000 villages were covered!! Efforts to reach the hardest-to-reach, or transient people, has made Indradhanush one of the most successful initiatives. It will get close to its target of 90% vaccination by end-2018!!
https://plus.google.com/100789863972538583352/posts/geLhEBCddAe
Aspirational Districts Programme ๐ง
-----------------------------------
Govt has devised a scheme of works to uplift 115 backward rural districts in terms of HDI - both for raising living standards and developing useful infra, on par with the best districts. It will prioritise projects that will bring quick results, more intensively implement various Centre & State schemes, improve on existing strengths and aim for a transformational change in HDI or SDG through to 2022. 49 key indicators were chosen to rectify and monitor. Dashboard will summarise real-time progress of districts.
Emphasis on short-term (before March 2019) will mean putting down good infra, creating high awareness of National Health Mission or realising benefits of Soil health card. In the longer-term, teams for each district will have to put up fool-proof systems that cover all cohorts-- ie. ensuring very high uptakes and dealing with absentees or laggards. Creating awareness, behavioural change and peer pressure are important. For example, indicator no. 1 demands all pregnant women should register early with ANC and receive 4 antenatal check-ups. Teams will have to create awareness for newly pregnant women to register early. Efforts must be made to facilitate going to check-ups and then to complete many tasks during those visits. Good records & tracking will identify gaps in care, allow follow-ups of any issues and help provide meaningful benefits (ie lower maternal deaths or underweight births). More detail see notes &:
http://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Transformation-of-AspirationalDistricts-Primer-ANew-India2022.pdf
1. Health and Nutrition
2. Education
3. Agriculture and Water resources
4. Financial inclusion
5. Skills development
6. Basic infra like roads, drinking water, etc
https://plus.google.com/100789863972538583352/posts/b1vf5JnGDRs
Panchayats governance model ๐ง
-----------------------------------
Before 14th Financial Commission's, panchayats were finding it hard to execute development projects but this is now possible with Rs 2 lakh crore direct funding to GPs over 5 years. Minister said ─ "Gram Panchayats were asked to prepare advance planning related to problems faced by them and till date more than 175, 000 village development plans were received (as of Apr 2017). Each village has an average 4 to 5 major issues like drinking water, drainage system, roads and solid and liquid waste management, which can be solved easily, as there is no dearth of funds".
It was felt that governance at Gram Panchayats had to be improved. Training was essential as was the need for effective communication. Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan Yojana was launched in April 2018, with Rs 7,300cr corpus to build IT infrastructure, train members and promote e-governance, among others. Govt wants to strengthen governance, address critical gaps and make rural local bodies self-sustainable, financially stable and more efficient. http://rgsa.nic.in/
✨ Pro-Poor Yojanas that ruling party will boast about๐ฏ
====================================
Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana ✨
-----------------------------------
Launched in April 2015, Mudra Yojana provides unsecured loans of up to Rs 10 lakh for small and micro enterprises. It aims to create self-reliance and financial inclusion, particularly among lesser privileged like women, youth and weaker sections. Mudra Yojana provides loans to businesses without fixed assets (to "fund the unfunded") and brings them into mainstream banking. It allows day-to-day borrowings and long-term loans. With time, good financial records will help access cheaper credit, as per normal lending of the bank.
Annual disbursement has grown each year, and so have the number of active borrowers. PM Modi says, "banks and financial institutions have given Rs 6 lakh crore to 12 crore beneficiaries, out of which 28 per cent or 3.25 crore are first-time entrepreneurs". Another view insists that Mudra Yojana has fallen short of Govt's disbursement targets, has not succeeded uniformly between states, and loans are mostly small, at less than Rs 50,000. Stats in http://www.mudra.org.in/.
One research article says, "Financing has been a major hurdle for developing entrepreneurship in India. Microenterprises face many problems due to their backwardness and due to high entry barriers to lending". In the circumstances, a simple, all-inclusive scheme like Mudra Yojana was very necessary. It said, "the scheme has helped weaker sections, low-income groups and unfunded population. Financial inclusion through PMMY increases the opportunities for credit and refinance".
http://ksom.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/97-106-PRADHAN-MANTRI-MUDRA-YOJNA.pdf
Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadhi Yojana ✨
-----------------------------------
1. https://plus.google.com/100789863972538583352/posts/4sZ3uBrQnsY
2. https://twitter.com/pmbjpbppi
Ayushman Bharat ✨
-----------------------------------
Ayushman Bharat is the flagship health programme of the Govt. It was introduced in 2018 Budget. It aims to curtail or eliminate out-of-pocket expenses, particularly for households near the poverty line. Under Ayushman Bharat, primary & out-patient will be done in nearby upgraded sub-centres. Also, prevention, screening & early intervention will be emphasised as they are cheaper & have better outcomes and hospital treatment will be free for all poor or disadvantaged families.
Primary care initiative will establish a network of 1.5 lakh Health and Wellness Centres by 2022. HWC will be a huge upgrade on existing centres in terms of human resources, facilities, technology and space. They will provide primary care, maternal & child health care; out-patient care, telemedicine & hospital referrals; free medications; and deal more effectively with non-communicable diseases. In other words, they will localise prevention, screening, early diagnosis, devising of treatment plans, treatments, and dispensing of medicines. This will help increase compliance as HWCs will manage most requests for medical intervention.
Govt has sanctioned 19,000 HWCs for 2018-19. It is on target as 5000 have been set up as of July 2018. Govt is giving priority to aspirational districts. It wants at least 2 functioning HWCs in each of the 115 districts by 15th Aug 2018. Govt's budget of Rs 1,200cr is certainly not enough for a fast ramp-up. According to this article, establishment costs per HWC will be Rs 10 lakh -- which approximates to Rs 15,000cr for a complete rollout. Additional running costs per HWC could be Rs 20 lakh per year -- which approximates to Rs 30,000cr for a complete rollout. However, Govt is committed to raising public health spending from 1.4% in 2017-18, to 2.5% by 2025, as per National Health Policy 2017.
1. https://scroll.in/pulse/870405/in-new-health-and-wellness-centres-india-has-a-good-plan-for-primary-care-backed-by-little-action
2. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/indias-spending-on-health-sector-has-grown-nadda/articleshow/65309487.cms
National Health Protection Scheme will cover over 107m families (or 500m most vulnerable people), for free hospital care of up to Rs 5 lakh per family per year. It will be publically funded, typically 60:40 in favour of Centre. Govt has worked with hospitals & medical bodies to fix prices for procedures (or treatments) and empanelled willing hospitals. States can choose how they will implement the scheme. For example, States can choose to pay higher rates to get other hospitals on board. Most States are not using insurance route, and whilst trust is cheaper, it depends ultimately on how costs are controlled. It will be launched on 25th September 2018. Preparation is being done by technology pilots & training between Independence Day and launch. 29 States & UTs incl Maha have agreed to join. 5 other states may join but 2 (Odisha & Delhi) are staying away.
https://plus.google.com/100789863972538583352/posts/PSd2MaZ6SGh
Others:
★ Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana ✨
๐ญ Uplifting Tribal & Rural communities through value-addition ๐ฏ
Van Dhan Vikas Kendras ๐ญ
-----------------------------------
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants are a very important source of income for tribal people. They have been grown for centuries in India, but have not gained true prominence in the market-place due to lack of promotion. VDVKs will be set up in forested tribal districts, to harness Rs 2 lakh crore value addition from non-timber forest produce. They will be owned and managed by tribals and will utilise traditional knowledge & skills to create value. About 3000 VDVKs are proposed to be set up in the next 2 years. They will be first started in aspirational districts and gradually implemented elsewhere. Each VDVK will have 300 beneficiaries, comprising 10 SHGs with 30 Tribal gatherers each. SHGs will be trained for procurement, processing and value addition. Each SHG cluster will be provided working capital, primary processing facilities, IT support and marketing guidance. TRIFED will provide training, technical support and marketing support. State govt will ensure its success.
http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=180162
In Aug 2018, TRIFED signed an MOU with M of AYUSH for primary processing & promotion of MAPs from tribal forests. AYUSH will identify medical plants and set norms for plantations, nurseries and R&D. TRIFED will establish the VDVKs, create SHG clusters, impart skill development, provide working capital, set up primary processing units, other infra, value chains, and research & testing centres. Forest produce is supported by the "Minor Forest Produce scheme", which gives MSPs (for ensuring fair prices) and develops value chains. Since 2014, MFP scheme has been expanded to 23 MFPs. This is likely to increase to 55 MFPs (which broadly covers everything).
VDVKs will benefit from an amalgam of schemes like Jan-Dhan Yojana, Rupay card, Fasal Bima Yojana, MUDRA Yojana & NABARD loans, etc. VDVKs can tap into the existing network of SHGs through the Rural livelihood programmes for tribal people or North East. Under the Aspirational Districts programme, VDVKs should get established fast and become strong entities. They will also get access to higher development funds from PSUs and CSRs.
https://www.devdiscourse.com/Article/107011-skill-upgradation-of-tribal-persons-for-promotion-of-primary-level-value-addition-to-maps-produce
GOBAR-dhan Scheme ๐ญ
-----------------------------------
GOBAR-dhan Scheme was announced in 2018 Budget and formally launched in Haryana in April 2018. It comes under the Ministry of drinking water and sanitation. While Swachh Bharat may eliminate Open Defecation, accumulated organic human waste must be safely disposed to avoid sickness, malnutrition and contamination of drinking water. GOBAR-dhan promotes a waste-to-energy solution for disposing of organic waste. The scheme will assist Gram Panchayats to set up gas plants for converting cattle dung and other farm waste into compost, fertiliser, biogas and bio-CNG. Collected toilet muck can also be processed. It will help farmers earn additional income. It should increase the viability of collected waste from stand-alone toilets and reduce the need to build sewage systems in rural areas.
Govt has borrowed from years of experience with biogas plants. Small rural industries have depended on them for a reliable source of power. The potential for biogas and manure is high. For example, India's 300m cattle are expected to produce 3m tonnes of cattle dung daily. To reduce the cost of production, Govt has decided to provide performance-based incentives equivalent to 25% cost. About 700 biogas plants are targeted in 350 districts before March 2019. It will go nationwide in phase 2.
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/poo-to-power-rural-entrepreneurs-power-centres-gobar-dhan-scheme/articleshow/63979860.cms
====================================
Swachh Bharat in villages is showcasing Govt's social-economic transformation of rural India. There are many such projects Govt will like to complete and boost about before the polls. A detailed summary of rural initiatives in 2018 budget:
http://pibphoto.nic.in/documents/rlink/2018/feb/p20182101.pdf
MGNREGA for drought-proofing ๐ง
Works created under MNREGS have benefited 14.3m Ha of farmland during 2015 /18. This year, govt pump primed over Rs 22,000cr to complete huge numbers (approx 4.4m) of ponds, large-scale water conservation projects and river rejuvenation projects ahead of the monsoon rains. States were asked to take up projects without waiting for funds to arrive. Thrust was on 2,264 stressed Blocks under Mission Water Conservation.
http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=178967
MGNREGA for composting, rural infra ๐ง
Solid and Liquid Waste Management and vermicomposting are supported on a large scale. 2.33 lakh Vermi or NADEP composting pits were finished in 2017-18. It funds other large-scale constructions, eg 40,000 Anganwadi Centre buildings were build btw 2016-18. 5,000 Gramin Haats are proposed in 2018-19, to help SHGs to sell directly to wholesalers (eg forest produce, handicraft, sanitary towels). Under the "individual beneficiary scheme", MGNREGA helps farmers to build their own ponds, cowsheds, goat sheds, poultry sheds, vermicomposting pits (for organic manure), latrines, etc. Fixed money is given for creating assets, of which 40% is paid for materials. Work surveys, geotagging and IT/DBT ensures authenticity and transparency.
Govt has countered criticism of MGNREGA scheme by effectively completing old projects and creating good-quality, beneficial assets (76% assets were good/very good and only 0.5% were poor). Livelihoods security is improved by an increased emphasis on agriculture and allied trades. MGNREGA can also support communities in times of drought, natural calamities and economic plight (eg demonetisation). Besides actively reaching out to deprived households and verifying Job Cards has yielded very good results.
http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=178249
PM Awas Yojana-Gramin ๐ง
At its launch in Nov 2016, the target was to complete 10.2m rural homes by March 2019 and 29.5m by 2022. It recorded only 3.8m completed homes (or 69% target) by 2017-18. This was because priority was given to finishing 6.8m incomplete Indira Awaas homes, and due to delays in uploading data.
Target is very achievable, given 4.7m are in advance stages of being built (at Mar 2018). Most states are doing well (eg UP is nearing completion). Assam and Bihar are lagging because of a large overhang of incomplete IAY houses. Also, Assam has NRC issues, and Bihar has a shortage of sand, caused by govt ban on mining!! NIPFP study found completion time under PMAY-G has gone down to just 114 days, from 314 days under IAY. http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=177838
Ministry of Rural Development says ─ "PMAY-G houses are changing the rural landscape and bringing social transformation in villages across the country". This is due to the quality of thought-process behind it. Eg. in Rajasthan, IIT Delhi created 7 design options for beneficiaries, for each of 4 climatic zones. PMAY-G scheme gives additional benefits like LPG connection, utility connections, solar light system & tanks construction, and community features like concrete roads, drainage, tree plantation, etc.
PM Gram Sadak Yojana ๐ง
Rural roads now connect 88% of all eligible habitations. Govt has more than doubled the funding and accelerated the pace of construction. Time to complete rural road projects has gone down each year: https://plus.google.com/photos/photo/100789863972538583352/6431644956157364530
This year, it is being pushed to its highest ever pace at 167 km per day, from 134 km last year. The government wants to build 61,000 km of roads to connect 19,725 habitations in 2018-9!! (Edit: It seems like mission impossible). States are connecting more habitations out of their own resources. Govt will finish connecting LWE block habitations (with 100+ people), as well as complete 50,000km under PMGSY-II by March 2020. After this, it is targetting another 38,412 habitations at Rs 85,000cr. Some states have started work under PMGSY-III, of upgrading 1,100,000km roads for maintenance, high-quality climate-resilient roads (eg submersible), wider roads nr economic hubs & market centres. Green technology for building roads is using up local waste and reducing costs. New materials (eg geotextiles) will improve resilience to water damage.
People rave about the benefits, if done right ─ "Locals had gotten used to bad conditions on this stretch for a long time. It was a nightmarish experience. PMGSY has given it a makeover, finally bringing relief to the passengers and inhabitants. Govt's emphasis on rural connectivity has brought cities closer to villages, and Bijnor is no exception". Or this ─ "In Aligarh district, rural roads of just 590 km have completely changed the lives of 356 villages. It has brought joy and happiness, and fulfilled long-held dreams of travelling to other parts of the country".
Gram Swaraj Abhiyan ๐ง
Areas covered under Gram Swaraj Abhiyan incl.
1. LPG gas connections (under PM Ujjwala Yojana)
2. LED bulbs giveaway
3. Free electricity connection (under Saubhagya scheme)
4. Bank accounts (under PM Jan Dhan Yojana)
5. Accident insurance
6. Life Insurance
7. Vaccination (under Mission Indradhanush)
PM Ujjwala Yojana has already reached its target as of 3rd August 2018, 8 months early. In other words, 5 crore most deprived families have received free gas connections. Govt has added another 3 crore families to push the coverage to over 90%. PMUY families also get monetary value of LPG subsidy straight into bank accounts. Saubhagya scheme has connected 1 crore homes since October 2017, and needs another 2.5 crore till March 2019, to achieve 100% household electrification. Target is achievable -- as momentum has picked up. Except perhaps for laggards like UP, Assam & 4 hilly states, other states are doing well enough (eg Odisha & Jharkhand). It is noteworthy to mention states that have improved rapidly (MP, Bihar, Maha, WB, Chhattisgarh, Tripura & Sikkim) or have completed 100% household electrification (TN, Gujarat, AP, Kerala & Punjab).
Gram Swaraj Abhiyan is about comprehensively targeting whole districts and leaving no gaps behind. All available human resources are deployed. Eg in 2 recent missions 70,000 villages were covered!! Efforts to reach the hardest-to-reach, or transient people, has made Indradhanush one of the most successful initiatives. It will get close to its target of 90% vaccination by end-2018!!
https://plus.google.com/100789863972538583352/posts/geLhEBCddAe
Aspirational Districts Programme ๐ง
Govt has devised a scheme of works to uplift 115 backward rural districts in terms of HDI - both for raising living standards and developing useful infra, on par with the best districts. It will prioritise projects that will bring quick results, more intensively implement various Centre & State schemes, improve on existing strengths and aim for a transformational change in HDI or SDG through to 2022. 49 key indicators were chosen to rectify and monitor. Dashboard will summarise real-time progress of districts.
Emphasis on short-term (before March 2019) will mean putting down good infra, creating high awareness of National Health Mission or realising benefits of Soil health card. In the longer-term, teams for each district will have to put up fool-proof systems that cover all cohorts-- ie. ensuring very high uptakes and dealing with absentees or laggards. Creating awareness, behavioural change and peer pressure are important. For example, indicator no. 1 demands all pregnant women should register early with ANC and receive 4 antenatal check-ups. Teams will have to create awareness for newly pregnant women to register early. Efforts must be made to facilitate going to check-ups and then to complete many tasks during those visits. Good records & tracking will identify gaps in care, allow follow-ups of any issues and help provide meaningful benefits (ie lower maternal deaths or underweight births). More detail see notes &:
http://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Transformation-of-AspirationalDistricts-Primer-ANew-India2022.pdf
1. Health and Nutrition
2. Education
3. Agriculture and Water resources
4. Financial inclusion
5. Skills development
6. Basic infra like roads, drinking water, etc
https://plus.google.com/100789863972538583352/posts/b1vf5JnGDRs
Panchayats governance model ๐ง
Before 14th Financial Commission's, panchayats were finding it hard to execute development projects but this is now possible with Rs 2 lakh crore direct funding to GPs over 5 years. Minister said ─ "Gram Panchayats were asked to prepare advance planning related to problems faced by them and till date more than 175, 000 village development plans were received (as of Apr 2017). Each village has an average 4 to 5 major issues like drinking water, drainage system, roads and solid and liquid waste management, which can be solved easily, as there is no dearth of funds".
It was felt that governance at Gram Panchayats had to be improved. Training was essential as was the need for effective communication. Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan Yojana was launched in April 2018, with Rs 7,300cr corpus to build IT infrastructure, train members and promote e-governance, among others. Govt wants to strengthen governance, address critical gaps and make rural local bodies self-sustainable, financially stable and more efficient. http://rgsa.nic.in/
✨ Pro-Poor Yojanas that ruling party will boast about๐ฏ
====================================
Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana ✨
Launched in April 2015, Mudra Yojana provides unsecured loans of up to Rs 10 lakh for small and micro enterprises. It aims to create self-reliance and financial inclusion, particularly among lesser privileged like women, youth and weaker sections. Mudra Yojana provides loans to businesses without fixed assets (to "fund the unfunded") and brings them into mainstream banking. It allows day-to-day borrowings and long-term loans. With time, good financial records will help access cheaper credit, as per normal lending of the bank.
Annual disbursement has grown each year, and so have the number of active borrowers. PM Modi says, "banks and financial institutions have given Rs 6 lakh crore to 12 crore beneficiaries, out of which 28 per cent or 3.25 crore are first-time entrepreneurs". Another view insists that Mudra Yojana has fallen short of Govt's disbursement targets, has not succeeded uniformly between states, and loans are mostly small, at less than Rs 50,000. Stats in http://www.mudra.org.in/.
One research article says, "Financing has been a major hurdle for developing entrepreneurship in India. Microenterprises face many problems due to their backwardness and due to high entry barriers to lending". In the circumstances, a simple, all-inclusive scheme like Mudra Yojana was very necessary. It said, "the scheme has helped weaker sections, low-income groups and unfunded population. Financial inclusion through PMMY increases the opportunities for credit and refinance".
http://ksom.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/97-106-PRADHAN-MANTRI-MUDRA-YOJNA.pdf
Pradhan Mantri Jan Aushadhi Yojana ✨
1. https://plus.google.com/100789863972538583352/posts/4sZ3uBrQnsY
2. https://twitter.com/pmbjpbppi
Ayushman Bharat ✨
Ayushman Bharat is the flagship health programme of the Govt. It was introduced in 2018 Budget. It aims to curtail or eliminate out-of-pocket expenses, particularly for households near the poverty line. Under Ayushman Bharat, primary & out-patient will be done in nearby upgraded sub-centres. Also, prevention, screening & early intervention will be emphasised as they are cheaper & have better outcomes and hospital treatment will be free for all poor or disadvantaged families.
Primary care initiative will establish a network of 1.5 lakh Health and Wellness Centres by 2022. HWC will be a huge upgrade on existing centres in terms of human resources, facilities, technology and space. They will provide primary care, maternal & child health care; out-patient care, telemedicine & hospital referrals; free medications; and deal more effectively with non-communicable diseases. In other words, they will localise prevention, screening, early diagnosis, devising of treatment plans, treatments, and dispensing of medicines. This will help increase compliance as HWCs will manage most requests for medical intervention.
Govt has sanctioned 19,000 HWCs for 2018-19. It is on target as 5000 have been set up as of July 2018. Govt is giving priority to aspirational districts. It wants at least 2 functioning HWCs in each of the 115 districts by 15th Aug 2018. Govt's budget of Rs 1,200cr is certainly not enough for a fast ramp-up. According to this article, establishment costs per HWC will be Rs 10 lakh -- which approximates to Rs 15,000cr for a complete rollout. Additional running costs per HWC could be Rs 20 lakh per year -- which approximates to Rs 30,000cr for a complete rollout. However, Govt is committed to raising public health spending from 1.4% in 2017-18, to 2.5% by 2025, as per National Health Policy 2017.
1. https://scroll.in/pulse/870405/in-new-health-and-wellness-centres-india-has-a-good-plan-for-primary-care-backed-by-little-action
2. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/indias-spending-on-health-sector-has-grown-nadda/articleshow/65309487.cms
National Health Protection Scheme will cover over 107m families (or 500m most vulnerable people), for free hospital care of up to Rs 5 lakh per family per year. It will be publically funded, typically 60:40 in favour of Centre. Govt has worked with hospitals & medical bodies to fix prices for procedures (or treatments) and empanelled willing hospitals. States can choose how they will implement the scheme. For example, States can choose to pay higher rates to get other hospitals on board. Most States are not using insurance route, and whilst trust is cheaper, it depends ultimately on how costs are controlled. It will be launched on 25th September 2018. Preparation is being done by technology pilots & training between Independence Day and launch. 29 States & UTs incl Maha have agreed to join. 5 other states may join but 2 (Odisha & Delhi) are staying away.
https://plus.google.com/100789863972538583352/posts/PSd2MaZ6SGh
Others:
★ Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana ✨
๐ญ Uplifting Tribal & Rural communities through value-addition ๐ฏ
Van Dhan Vikas Kendras ๐ญ
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants are a very important source of income for tribal people. They have been grown for centuries in India, but have not gained true prominence in the market-place due to lack of promotion. VDVKs will be set up in forested tribal districts, to harness Rs 2 lakh crore value addition from non-timber forest produce. They will be owned and managed by tribals and will utilise traditional knowledge & skills to create value. About 3000 VDVKs are proposed to be set up in the next 2 years. They will be first started in aspirational districts and gradually implemented elsewhere. Each VDVK will have 300 beneficiaries, comprising 10 SHGs with 30 Tribal gatherers each. SHGs will be trained for procurement, processing and value addition. Each SHG cluster will be provided working capital, primary processing facilities, IT support and marketing guidance. TRIFED will provide training, technical support and marketing support. State govt will ensure its success.
http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=180162
In Aug 2018, TRIFED signed an MOU with M of AYUSH for primary processing & promotion of MAPs from tribal forests. AYUSH will identify medical plants and set norms for plantations, nurseries and R&D. TRIFED will establish the VDVKs, create SHG clusters, impart skill development, provide working capital, set up primary processing units, other infra, value chains, and research & testing centres. Forest produce is supported by the "Minor Forest Produce scheme", which gives MSPs (for ensuring fair prices) and develops value chains. Since 2014, MFP scheme has been expanded to 23 MFPs. This is likely to increase to 55 MFPs (which broadly covers everything).
VDVKs will benefit from an amalgam of schemes like Jan-Dhan Yojana, Rupay card, Fasal Bima Yojana, MUDRA Yojana & NABARD loans, etc. VDVKs can tap into the existing network of SHGs through the Rural livelihood programmes for tribal people or North East. Under the Aspirational Districts programme, VDVKs should get established fast and become strong entities. They will also get access to higher development funds from PSUs and CSRs.
https://www.devdiscourse.com/Article/107011-skill-upgradation-of-tribal-persons-for-promotion-of-primary-level-value-addition-to-maps-produce
GOBAR-dhan Scheme ๐ญ
GOBAR-dhan Scheme was announced in 2018 Budget and formally launched in Haryana in April 2018. It comes under the Ministry of drinking water and sanitation. While Swachh Bharat may eliminate Open Defecation, accumulated organic human waste must be safely disposed to avoid sickness, malnutrition and contamination of drinking water. GOBAR-dhan promotes a waste-to-energy solution for disposing of organic waste. The scheme will assist Gram Panchayats to set up gas plants for converting cattle dung and other farm waste into compost, fertiliser, biogas and bio-CNG. Collected toilet muck can also be processed. It will help farmers earn additional income. It should increase the viability of collected waste from stand-alone toilets and reduce the need to build sewage systems in rural areas.
Govt has borrowed from years of experience with biogas plants. Small rural industries have depended on them for a reliable source of power. The potential for biogas and manure is high. For example, India's 300m cattle are expected to produce 3m tonnes of cattle dung daily. To reduce the cost of production, Govt has decided to provide performance-based incentives equivalent to 25% cost. About 700 biogas plants are targeted in 350 districts before March 2019. It will go nationwide in phase 2.
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/poo-to-power-rural-entrepreneurs-power-centres-gobar-dhan-scheme/articleshow/63979860.cms
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- Average size of loan
--------------------------------
2015-16 Rs 38,100
2016-17 Rs 44,200
2017-18 Rs 51,200
2018-19 (pt) Rs 51,000
Growth in no of loan beneficiaries-----------------------------------
2016-17 + 13.8%
2017-18 + 21.2%
2018-19 (pt) N/A
Growth in Rs of loan disbursed-----------------------------------
2016-17 + 31.9%
2017-18 + 40.6%
2018-19 (pt) N/AREPLY 32w - Targets are set, and existing schemes are used to bring in funding, human resources, facilities and guidance/ action plan.
Health & Nutrition
1) % pregnant women registered with ANC vs estimated pregnancies
1) % pregnant women receiving 4 antenatal check-ups
1) % pregnant women registered in the first trimester
2) % pregnant women on supplementary nutrition (ICDS programme)
3) % pregnant women tested for HB (4 times)
3) % pregnant women treated for anaemia vs incidence
4) % institutional deliveries --- free in govt facilities incl transport
4) % sex ratio at birth --- early breastfeeding
5) % home deliveries accompanied by SBA (skilled attendance, or trained worker) ---- deworming
6)
REPLY 31w - All depends on UP (Saubhagya)
-----------------------------------
UP has 12.68m unconnected households, out of 23.38m total unconnected households.
UP's progress is lagging at 16.5% vs 45.7% for Total ex-UP. It is going at 1/3rd of the speed of others combined. If this continues, when others have finished, UP would be only 36% done. Total progress will be stuck at 72%.
Assam also has issues------------------------------
UP & Assam are unable to finish by 31/12/2018, as they have done around 17% of the target.
Jharkhand is a performer - but how?------------------------------------------
Jharkhand has done around 33%, which is more than most aspiring states. It is also accelerating, ie it has done 302,900 connections in last 30 days = 62.5% of its progress till 30 days ago. If this trend continues it would take 5.3mo to add 1.64m.
However, another trend is shortening this time-period. The gross target has reduced in last 30 days from 3,051,577 to 2,430,408!!
This means the impact of acceleration is multiplied even more when considered as % of electrification. ie. %Electrification jumps from 62.75% to 74.53% in 30 days. If this continues, it will take only 2.2mo to achieve 100% electrification.REPLY 30w - Rajasthan is 4% higher than the overall progress of all states @ 33%. But it needs just 2 mo of August growth to wrap up its work.
REPLY 29w
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